Bhutan’s Stunning Gelephu International Airport Is A Fusion of Tradition and Innovation 

Bjarke Ingels Group (BIG) has unveiled the design for the new Gelephu International Airport in Bhutan, a project that seamlessly integrates the country’s rich traditional craftsmanship with modern architectural techniques. Designed as a modular diagrid structure made of glulam timber, the airport is adorned with intricate Bhutanese wood carvings, paying homage to the nation’s artistic heritage while embracing cutting-edge sustainability and scalability principles. This innovative blend of old and new will be presented at the 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale, showcasing Bhutan’s architectural evolution on a global stage. 

Also read: Discover Bhutan’s Cultural Splendor 

A Strategic Gateway to Bhutan 

Gelephu International Airport is positioned as Bhutan’s second international gateway, strategically located near the Bhutan-India border and the Paitha River. Encompassing 68,000 square meters, the airport is a crucial component of the Gelephu Mindfulness City (GMC) masterplan, developed in collaboration with NACO, Arup, and Cistri. By 2040, the airport is projected to accommodate 1.3 million passengers annually, scaling up to 5.5 million by 2065. With a capacity to handle 123 daily flights, this aviation hub is poised to play a central role in the country’s long-term economic and infrastructural development. 

Honoring Bhutanese Craftsmanship 

At the heart of BIG’s design philosophy is a commitment to preserving Bhutanese craftsmanship. The airport’s timber framework is enriched with intricate carvings created by local artisans, inspired by the ‘Kachen’ pillars—a cornerstone of Bhutanese architecture that symbolizes both structural integrity and spiritual significance. These design elements extend throughout the terminal, where traditional techniques such as Shing-Zo (carpentry), Par-Zo (carving), and Lha-Zo (painting) are woven into the fabric of the airport’s aesthetic. 

A Modular and Sustainable Vision 

Sustainability is central to the airport’s design. The modular timber structure is designed for easy disassembly and reassembly, allowing for flexible expansion as the airport grows. The roof is equipped with photovoltaic panels, supporting Bhutan’s commitment to maintaining its carbon-negative status. Additionally, the wooden structure naturally regulates humidity, while ventilated roofs and extended eaves enhance passive climate control, reducing the airport’s overall energy footprint. 

The Forest Spine: A Connection to Nature 

A defining feature of Gelephu International Airport is its seamless integration with Bhutan’s natural environment. The terminal’s arrival plaza is divided into four zones, each dedicated to native plant species from the surrounding subtropical forests. At its core, the Forest Spine—a central courtyard—splits the terminal into domestic and international sections, offering passengers a tranquil space to reconnect with nature. The inclusion of green spaces, a treetop walkway, and native flora reflects Bhutan’s emphasis on mindfulness and well-being, transforming travel into an immersive cultural experience. 

Redefining Passenger Experience 

BIG has designed the airport with the traveler in mind, ensuring intuitive wayfinding, efficient circulation, and a stress-free experience. The terminal welcomes visitors with a triple-height entry, maximizing natural light and creating an inviting atmosphere. Lounges dedicated to meditation, yoga, and wellness provide travelers with moments of serenity before and after their journeys. Elevated departure gates, coupled with retail and dining spaces, offer stunning panoramic views of the Himalayan mountains, enhancing the overall travel experience. 

A Hub for Future Mobility 

Gelephu International Airport is more than just an aviation hub—it is set to become Bhutan’s first inland mobility center. The airport will integrate public transportation options such as trackless trams and buses, facilitating seamless connectivity to Gelephu’s revitalized town center and other key regions. This forward-thinking approach aligns with Bhutan’s vision of sustainable urban planning and enhanced mobility infrastructure. 

Showcasing Innovation at the Venice Architecture Biennale 

BIG’s design will take center stage at the 2025 Venice Architecture Biennale, where an exhibition will highlight the intersection of traditional Bhutanese craftsmanship and modern technological advancements. A key feature of the installation will be a sculpted timber diamond piece reflecting the airport’s diagrid façade. Crafted in real-time by both a Bhutanese artist and an automated machine, this exhibit symbolizes the harmonious fusion of heritage and innovation that defines Gelephu International Airport. 

A Landmark for Bhutan’s Future 

With its strategic location, sustainable design, and deep-rooted connection to Bhutanese culture, Gelephu International Airport represents a transformative step in Bhutan’s infrastructural development. The project embodies the country’s philosophy of balancing tradition with progress, positioning Bhutan as a global leader in mindful and sustainable architecture. As the airport nears completion in 2029, it stands as a testament to the nation’s commitment to preserving its heritage while embracing a forward-thinking vision for the future.