Countdown to 2025: Dr. Kapil Narula Highlights Global Climate Priorities

In an exclusive conversation with Marksmen Daily Senior Journalist Neeraj Tiwari, Dr. Kapil Narula, a distinguished expert on clean energy transition, climate change, and maritime sustainability, delves into the current state of global climate action, challenges in scaling up efforts, and the key priorities for 2025.

With over two decades of versatile experience across international organizations, government, and academia, Dr. Narula has made impactful contributions, including his role as Economic Affairs Officer at the United Nations and Advisor (Energy) at NITI Aayog, where he played a key role in shaping India’s energy and sustainability policies. As the author/editor of seven books and more than 100 articles and papers, Dr. Narula highlights the urgency of bold, collaborative action to address the growing climate crisis.

How would you assess global progress on climate action given the WMO’s confirmation that 2024 was the first year with temperatures exceeding 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels?

The data is alarming and underscores the urgent need for action. While there has been notable progress, such as the exponential growth of renewable energy, battery storage, and EVs, the world remains off-track to meet the 1.5°C target. Current trajectories predict a temperature rise of 2.6–3.1°C by the end of the century, revealing a significant gap between ambition and implementation.

What are the biggest challenges in scaling up global climate action?

Key challenges include inadequate climate finance, with developed nations pledging only $300 billion annually against the $1.3 trillion needed by 2035. Additionally, there is inconsistent international coordination, and many Nationally Determined Contributions (NDCs) lack robust execution plans. Lastly, developing economies face the challenge of balancing economic growth with sustainability goals.

What progress has been made with the submission of NDC 3.0 targets, and why are they significant?

The submission of NDC 3.0 is vital for setting emission reduction targets for 2035. Countries like the UAE, Brazil, and the US have submitted ambitious plans. For example, the UAE aims for a 47% emissions reduction by 2035, while the US targets a 61–66% reduction below 2005 levels. These are encouraging steps, but success depends on credible national policies and strategies to achieve these goals.

With Brazil hosting COP30 in Belém, what role can it play in shaping the global climate agenda?

Brazil’s presidency is crucial, particularly as it is home to 60% of the Amazon rainforest. The country has historically championed sustainable development and can bridge the gap between the global North and South. At COP30, Brazil is expected to advocate for equitable climate action while prioritizing biodiversity conservation alongside economic growth.

How might the US political landscape under a potential Trump administration affect global climate action in 2025 and beyond?

The US has a pivotal role in global climate efforts. A potential withdrawal from the Paris Agreement under a Trump administration could hinder progress and reverse gains made during the Biden administration. However, the climate momentum driven by states, corporations, and civil society is growing stronger, which could mitigate the impact of federal policy shifts.

What should be the international climate priorities for 2025?

The key priorities should include:

1. Scaling up climate finance: Mobilize the required $1.3 trillion annually to meet global goals.
2. Strengthening NDCs: Ensure credible submissions and effective implementation of NDC 3.0 targets.
3. Operationalizing Article 6: Create fully functional international carbon markets to unlock financing.
4. Enhancing resilience: Prioritize adaptation measures for vulnerable communities to mitigate climate impacts.

What is your message to policymakers and citizens regarding climate action?

Climate change is a present crisis, not a distant threat. Policymakers must act with urgency, foresight, and equity, while citizens must adopt sustainable practices and advocate for action. Together, we can secure a future that is sustainable, resilient, and just.